The collision occurred at the point where three tracks emanate on the right of the photograph.Įrror no symbol defined, Error no symbol defined, Error no symbol definedĪntineutrinos are possibly identical to the neutrino (see Majorana fermion).Įrror no symbol defined (Electron neutrino): Wolfgang Pauli (1930)Įrror no symbol defined (Muon neutrino): Late 1940s Error no symbol defined (Tau neutrino): Mid 1970sĮrror no symbol defined: Clyde Cowan, Frederick Reines (1956)Įrror no symbol defined: Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger (1962)Įrror no symbol defined: DONUT collaboration (2000)ģ – electron neutrino, muon neutrino and tau neutrino A neutrino hit a proton in a hydrogen atom. He has a Degree in Physics and in Chemistry, and is PhD for Santiago University (USC).The first use of a hydrogen bubble chamber to detect neutrinos, on November 13, 1970. Ramon Cid Manzano, secondary school Physics Teacher at IES de SAR (Santiago - Spain), and part-time Lecturer ( Profesor Asociado) in Faculty of Education at the University of Santiago (Spain), until his retirement in 2020. Currently, he is in USC Particle Physics Department ("Ramon y Cajal", Spanish Postdoctoral Senior Grants). Xabier Cid Vidal, PhD in experimental Particle Physics for Santiago University (USC). Research Fellow in experimental Particle Physics at CERN from January 2013 to Decembre 2015. This is just a matter of taste but the left to right convention is more commonly used).ģ.- We use a forward facing arrow to represent a particle travelling forwards in time and a backward facing arrow to represent an antiparticle also travelling forwards in time. ( Note: it is also common to find Feynman diagrams using the convention that time flows from the bottom of the diagram to the top. The left hand side of the symbol shows the nature of the particle before the interaction and the right hand side shows the nature of the particle after the interaction. I mportant points to note about Feynman vertices:ġ.- It is important to recognise that a vertex is simply a symbol, it does not represent tracks of particles in space and it is not a space-time diagram.Ģ.- The symbol is read from left to right. When drawing interactions it is usual to incline the propagator symbol to suggest that it is moving towards or away from the interaction point. In the basic vertex shown, the interaction propagator symbol has been drawn vertical. The basic structure of a vertex is shown. There is an electromagnetic interaction vertex, a weak interaction vertex and a strong interaction vertex.
But we can use the vertices in a non-mathematical way to illustrate how quarks and leptons interact with each other. There are three basic vertices, each one associated with each of the fundamental interactions. To the particle physicist, each Feynman vertex represents a component of some sophisticated mathematics that is used to calculate various aspects of particle interactions. Each of the three basic interactions can be described using a symbol called a Feynman vertex.
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